中3英語 Unit1

New Horizon English Course 3

Unit 1

  What is special about Japanese pop culture?
Grammar現在完了(present perfect) 過去に経験したことが現在に生きていることを表す表現
主語＋have 動詞＋過去分詞(past particle)  意味①経験②継続③完了④結果
Part 1
①経験   ～したことがある  ever  never  once  twice ～ times  many times   before.
②継続   ずっと～している　for   since    until ～

Examples ( 肯定文・否定文)
I have seen a wheelchair tennis once.(経験)
Josh has seen a wheelchair tennis many times.(経験)
Asami has never seen a wheelchair tennis wheelchair tennis before.(経験)
I have studied English until today.
I have watched Japanese movies before.
I have never been to Fushimi Inari Taisha shrine.
I have visited star festivals many times.
We have read a lot of picture books until today.
I have seen the anime “Dragon Ball” four times.

Activity 1
① I love anime very much, too. I know that there are many anime and manga funs all over the world, but I have never met such a person before. I’m glad to see you.
② I think Japanese foods are delicious around here, so I hope you will find and taste them in our town.
③  There are a lot of famous, beautiful, historic shrines in Kyo to, so I would like you to go there and enjoy them.

? What pats of Japanese culture are the foreign tourists interested in?

…They are interested in Japanese anime, Japanese food, and Japanese shrine.
New Words
fa/sh/ion
be/en　be 動詞の過去分詞
re/gio/nal  地元の

Part 2

現在完了(疑問文)　Have( Has ) ＋　主語　＋　過去分詞　　・・・?
経験～したことがありますか　ever  never  once  twice  ～ times   many times   before
Grammar( 基本文 )
Have you ever seen the Paralympic Games?
→Yes, I have. I have seen them a few times.
→No, I haven’t. I have never seen them before.
Have you ever heard of the Paralympic Games?
→Yes, I have. I have heard of them many times.
→No, I haven’t. I have never heard of them before.
Have you ever been to Kyoto?
→Yes, I have. I have been there twice.
→No, I haven’t. I have never been there before.

Examples

Have you ever watched Doraemon? Yes, I have.
I’ve watched it twice.
Have they been to any world heritage sites in Japan?  No, they haven’t.
Has she ever watched wheelchair tennis?  No, she hasn’t. She’s never watched one.
Have you ever joined club activities at school? No, I haven’t. I’ve never joined one.
Have you ever had Kyo-Kaiseki dish?….Yes, I have once.

Activity 2
Many people in other countries are very interested in Japanese pop culture, so I would like  to know about it more and introduce various things to them when I meet them.

? How does Ms. Chen learn Japanese?

… She sometimes use anime to learn it.

New Words
for/ei/gn/er 外国人
foreignerにはよそ者的なニュアンスがあるのでtourist from overseas, international touristsのように表現することが多い)
ev/er 今までに

Read and Think ①

Anime Goes Global?
Grammar
目的語説明型
～は　　　　　　　　　 する　　　　    ～を(～に)　　　　 ～に(～と)
主語　                　＋　    動詞　      ＋　   目的語　 　＋　　目的補語
Watching  sports    　　    makes             everyone                   happy.

Examples
例) Diana calls me Peter.
My grandfather named me Shunya when I was born.
My mother made me a doctor.
Practicing hard makes us stronger.
Big games makes our team excited.
Winning the championship tournament made us so happy.
We should keep our house clean.
Smiling keeps us positive.
The boy always keeps old people comfortable
What makes people so happy?
They always make me excited.
Playing sports make me happy and positive.
Listening to pop music makes me very comfortable.
Language Focus
I like sports stories the best of all the genres.

Activity 3
①As we can see from the text, stories have different genres and the quality of the animation and the drawings are so high. In addition, the music matches each work.
②People say that we have 5 tastes, such as sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami. And people in Japan have good umami taste, so Japanese food is delicious, I think.
③There are a lot of wonderful temples and shrines in Japan. Especially in Kyoto, you can see national treasures and important cultural properties. These things are popular among tourists from abroad, I think.

New Words

ad/di/ti/on      足し算　加えること       adu/lt　 おとな　成人
ad/ven/tu/re　冒険                                dr/aw/ing 　絵　図
gen/re　          ジャンル 部門 分野        qua/li/ty　 品質
mat/ch　        ～と調和する                  de/li/ca/te 繊細な
glo/bal　 　    世界的な　地球上の        po/si/ti/ve　前向きに
in addition　 加えて　その上

Read and Think ②
Grammar (文法)
Grammar １
授与型(二重目的語を取る動詞)   A(直接目的語)に、 B(間接目的語)してくれる(あげる)
主語　      ＋　     動詞　 ＋ A(直接目的語) ＋　B(間接目的語)
This news           gave          us             a big surprise.
主語　      ＋　     動詞　 ＋  A(直接目的語) ＋　that 節
This statistics      shows       people   　 that Japanese animated movies are the most popular in the world.
Examples
AI tell us that they can support people in lots of ways.
This map teaches us that there are many wonderful temples and shrines in Kyoto.
The picture shows them that Van Gogh was much influenced by Ukiyo-e from Japan.
Murakami Takashi shows us that Japanese pop culture comes from traditional culture.
Our English teacher told us that we should read a lot of English books
We can show that efforts will pay off.
Dr. Yamanaka tells us that we should have visions and passion.

中学校2年生の復習

　　他動型　　主語　+　動詞(動詞句)　+　that節
Examples
Researchers believe that fruits give us energy quickly.
Animals know that there are dangerous places for them in the forests.
The sign says that the road leads us to Tokyo.
We hope that our team will win the match tomorrow.
I’m happy that my brother will come back from New York.
They are sure that we’ll have a huge earthquake in the future.
I ‘m sorry that she will leave Sendai next month.
grammar 2
It is said that～
能動態
They　say　that the first Japanese manga was drawn over 800 years ago.
主語  動詞　  目的語
受動態
→That the first Japanese manga was drawn over 800 years ago is said (by them).(不特定多数なので省略)
主語　動詞(be動詞+過去分詞+by) 　目的語
It ～that 構文 That 以下の節をItに置き換える
→It is said +that以下の節を後ろに置く
It　+　is said (by them省略)   +　that the first Japanese manga was drawn over 800 years ago.
形式上の主語 +動詞(be動詞+過去分詞+by+目的語) +本来の主語

New Words＆Phrases
ad/van/ta/ge     強み
exi/st/en/ce　   生存
mo/ve/me/nt　 動き
ro/ot　         　 起源
scr/oll　       　 巻物　掛け軸
tas/te　        　 味　味覚
te/ch/ni/que　 手法　テクニック
dra/wn　　draw-drew- drawn
ex/pre/ss 　      ～を表現する
ig/no/re　 　    ～を無視する
in/flu/en/ce　   ～に影響を及ぼす
li/nk　　           ～を～とつなぐ　連結する
en/ti/re/ly　      すっかり
take advantage of～    ～を利用する
This sweet takes advantage of a traditional Japanese taste.

Round 3
When we talk about Japanese anime, we cannot ignore the existence of manga, the roots of anime.
It is said that the first Japanese manga was drawn over 800 years ago.
These techniques were used by ukiyo-e artists and  they influenced Japanese anime.
Like this, anime shows us that Japanese pop culture comes from traditional culture.
Matcha parfait is also an example new pop culture.
I think pop culture is linked to traditional culture and becomes entirely new.

Activity 4
①Akihabara, Tokyo is called “a sacred place(聖地)” of manga and anime. A lot of shops sell various goods, anime T-shirts, character figures(フィギィア), and so on.
②Uji city, Kyoto, is famous for its matcha sweets, such as Matcha ice cream, matcha dango, matcha parfait. So it is popular among tourists from overseas. It’s the mecca in Matcha sweets.
③There are great and beautiful temples in Kyoto. They were built by emperors(天皇) and aristocrats(公家)
after they retired from their government position. They have a large Japanese garden, too.
So they are gorgeous and magnificent.

Words ＆ Phrases(語句)
This museum was established by the well-known designer.
The country have decided to be friends with each country in South-east Asia.
They are not satisfied with their lives in the US.
More and more foods made in Japan are going to sell around the world.
Dr. Yamana tells us that we should have visions and passion.

Unit Activity
STEP 1
アニメAnime
Anime is one of the most typical pop culture. Japanese anime is familiar with people all over the world, and Sometimes Japanese anime events are held abroad. In addition, A lot of tourists visit Japan for the purpose of anime, so anime becomes one of   Japanese culture.
アニメは、日本の代表的なポップカルチャーです。日本のアニメは世界中で親しまれていて、海外でも日本のアニメのイベントが開催されることがあります。また、アニメを目的に日本を訪れる外国人観光客も多く、日本の文化のひとつとなっています。
J-POP
J-pop is one genre of the music scene. In Japan, after 1980s, Techno- pop and city-pop became popular.  And what to do next was J-pop, musicians made a music culture called J-pop. From band- style artists to solo singers, many artists are active(活躍する). Ani-son(anime songs) are also popular as one part of J-pop.
J-POPは、日本の音楽シーンにおけるポップ音楽のジャンルです。日本では、80年代以降、テクノポップやシティポップなどが人気を博しました。その流れがJ-POPと呼ばれる日本の音楽文化を作ってきました。バンド形式のアーティストからソロアーティストまで、たくさんのアーティストが活躍しています。また、アニメソング（アニソン）もJ-POPの一部として、人気を集めています。
フィギュア
Figures are models. The models of characters are three dimensionally(立体的に) made. Some of them are really finely crafted, so they are popular as collector’s items among anime person or video  game person. Especially, there are finely(精巧に) crafted ones and limited items(限定品), and big-size ones. They are sold at high price.  There are many specialty stores(専門店) dealing with(扱っている)only figures, and prizes at　amusement arcades. フィギュアは、アニメやゲームのキャラクターを立体的に表現した模型のことです。非常に精巧に作られているものもあり、アニメやゲームが好きな方の間でコレクターズアイテムとして人気があります。
特に、精巧な作りのものや限定商品、サイズが大きいものはプレミア価格で取引されることがあります。フィギュアだけを取り扱っている専門店も多く、ゲームセンターの景品になっていることもあります。
アニソン
Ani-son indicates main theme songs and inserted songs. Ani-son matches ambience of the songs and characters well, so they are recognized as one genre of J-pop. Voice actors often sing them, and as if   anime characters look singing, another artist take charge of them. Many voice actors become popular because they sing ani-son, a lot of ani-son events are held.
アニソンはアニメソングの略で、アニメの主題歌や挿入歌のことを指しています。Voice actors often アニソンは、アニメの世界観やキャラクターにマッチするものが多く、J-POPのなかのひとつのジャンルとして認識されています。アニソンは声優が担当するケースも多く、アニメのキャラクターが唄っているような演出もあれば、別のアーティストが担当しているケースもあります。声優がアニソンを唄うことで人気になることも多く、アニソンのイベントやライブも多く開催されています。

Real Life English
After every one goes to Kiyomizu-dera Temple together, we’ll have free time to do other things in groups. Our group has to decide what to do during our free time. I’d like to spend more time around there for shopping. The area is called Higashiyama. My father has visited Kyoto many times. He told me that the Higashiyama area is a good place to buy souvenirs. What do you think, Eddy? Higashiyama sounds nice, but I really want to visit Kinkaku-ji Temple. Ms. Chen has been there and she told me that it’s beautiful and one of the most popular places for tourists so I want to take some photos there.