New Horizon English Course 2 Unit 7 

New Horizon English Course 2

Unit 7  What are World Heritage sites and their problem?

Part 1 What are the three types of World Heritage sites?

Grammar

アメリカでは英語を話します。　　　 →  アメリカでは英語が話されています。

People speaks English in the U.S. 　  →　  English is spoken in the U.S.

主語　動詞 目的語    　　　　　        　 主語 be＋過去分詞

Examples

They are not selected for their own countries.

World Heritage sites are loved all over the world.

These paintings were found in France.

The natural beauty is preserved there.

Venice is called the City of Water.

It’s built across the Grand Canal.

It’s built on soft ground.

Its beautiful natural shape is known worldwide.

It is listed for its cultural heritage.

Nature is not well preserved in the area.

Examples from the textbook and Practice

Some of them are selected as World Heritage sites.

The selection standards were decided at the UNESCO General Conference in 1972.

This book is used to learn about World Heritage sites.

The first World Heritage sites were selected in 1978.

This book is used to learn about World Heritage sites.

This painting was found in France.

What is it called? (Part 2)

It is called the Cape Floral Region. (Part 2)

It is known for plant diversity. (Part 2)

Sixty-nine percent of them are only found there. (Part 2)

It was built by Emperor Shah in memory of his wife more than 350.(R ＆ T 1)

It is loved by many people. (R ＆ T 1)
The Taji Mahal is known for its unique architecture. (R ＆ T 1)

The building is covered with white marble. (R ＆ T 1)

Mt. Fuji was listed as a cultural World Heritage site in 2013. (R ＆ T 2)

It can be seen on the walls of public baths. (R ＆ T 2)

A large amount of garbage is left on the mountain trails by tourists. (R ＆ T 2)

I hope Mt. Fuji will be enjoyed by people forever. (R ＆ T 2)

?What are the three types of World Heritage sites?

They are natural, cultural, and mixed sites.

Active 1

The village of Shirakawa-go consists of a cluster of large wooden folk houses. Underneath the large thatched gassho-zukuri (M-shaped) roofs, these houses have 3 to 5 floors. The first floor is a spacious living area, while the second floor and above are attic bedrooms or workspaces. It was common for a large family of several dozen people to live in one house.

Approximately 50 such 18th and 19th-century folk houses remain concentrated in the Ogimachi region. Situated amidst mountain fields, surrounded by broadleaf forests, the houses are aligned parallel to the central valley, and together with their steeply pitched thatched roofs, they form a unique village landscape.

Shirakawa-go is located in the mountainous interior of central Honshu. From the late 17th century, this area was under the direct control of the Edo Shogunate, and most residents, in addition to farming, made their living by felling and transporting forest timber and sericulture (silk farming). Sericulture work was also carried out in the attic rooms of the houses.

Another interesting aspect is the custom of “Yui,” a mutual aid organization among residents, which continues to collectively carry out house maintenance such as re-thatching roofs. The Shirakawa village, with its rows of folk houses providing large spaces for living and working, where extended families resided, forms a globally unique landscape.

詳細解説

白川郷の集落は大型の木造民家群から構成されています。茅葺きの合掌づくりの大きな屋根の下は3～5階からなり、1階は広い居室空間、2階以上は屋根裏部屋の寝室あるいは作業空間となっています。1棟には数十人からなる大家族が住むのが一般的でした。
この種の18・19世紀の民家約50棟が集中して残る荻町地域は、山間の田畑のなかに位置し、周囲を広葉樹林が囲み、民家は中央の谷筋の方向に平行して棟を並べ、急勾配の茅葺屋根とあいまって、独特の集落景観を構成しています。

白川郷は本州のほぼ中央の山間部にあります。この地は17世紀末期から江戸幕府の直轄支配下にあり、住民の多くは農耕のほかに山林樹木の伐採・搬出や養蚕を生業としていました。民家内の屋根裏部屋では、養蚕の作業なども行なわれていました。

また、「結」と呼ばれる住民の相互扶助組織があり、屋根の蓑き替えなどの家屋維持を共同して行なう慣習が残る点も興味深いものです。居住と作業のための大規模な空間をもち、大家族が暮した民家の連なる白川集落は、世界的にもユニークな景観を成しています。

 

 

cluster群れ  underneath の下に thatched茅葺の  attic屋根裏部屋の  approximately およそ

amidst ～の真ん中にbroadleaf 広葉樹の aligned 整列した parallel平行して steeply pitched急勾配の

mountainous interior　山間部　the Edo Shogunate　江戸幕府　timber　樹木　sericulture養蚕

aspect　観点　a mutual aid organization相互扶助組織　collectively共同して　house maintenance家屋維持

row列　rows of folk houses民家の連なる extended family大家族　risde～に住む　landscape景観

select ～を選ぶ heritage 遺産　site 現場、場所　natural 自然の　cultural 文化の mixed 混合した

selection 選択 standard 標準 水準 decide 決断する 決定する general 総合的な 一般的な conference 委員会

 

Part 2 How many species of plants are there in the Cape Floral Region?

There are more than 9,000 species of plants.

Grammar

受動態(受け身)の疑問文

Mt. Fuji was listed as a cultural heritage site in 2013.

→　疑問文　Was Mt. Fuji listed as a natural heritage site in 2013?  Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.

Examples

Were they listed as a natural heritage site?  Yes, they were.

Why are they called “blue”?

Is that place used for concerts?  yes, it is.

Was this T-shirt made in Australia?  Yes, it was.

Were kiwi birds found in Australia?  No, they weren’t.

Why is Mt. Fuji listed for its cultural heritage?

Examples from the textbook

What is it called?
Was this T-shirt made in Australia?  Yes, it was.

Was this stadium used for rugby matches? Yes, it was.

Were dear found in South Africa? No, they weren’t,

Are Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area(法隆寺地域の仏教建造物) listed as a World Heritage site?

Yes, they are.

? How many species of plants are there in the Cape Floral Region?

There are more than 9,000 species of plants.

Activity 2

The Hōryū-ji area preserves many of the world’s oldest surviving wooden structures. In the 7th century, Buddhist temples such as Hōryū-ji and Hōki-ji were constructed, and religious activities continue to this day at these sites. Construction of Hōryū-ji began in the early 7th century, and the present temple complex consists of the Western Precinct (Saiin), the Eastern Precinct (Tōin), and a group of subsidiary temples. The Western Precinct was rebuilt between the late 7th and early 8th centuries, while the Eastern Precinct was constructed in the early 8th century.

The main buildings of the Western Precinct—namely the Kondō (Main Hall), the Five-Story Pagoda, the Chūmon (Central Gate), and the covered corridors—represent an early style of Buddhist architecture no longer extant in either China or Korea. The other major structures in both precincts were built mainly between the 8th and 13th centuries. Construction of the subsidiary temples surrounding the two precincts began around the 12th century and gradually increased in number. Many buildings also date from the 17th to 18th centuries, making this area a rich cultural heritage site that showcases the evolution of Japanese Buddhist temple architecture.

法隆寺地域には世界最古の木造建築が数多く残っています。7世紀に法隆寺・法起寺ほかの仏教寺院が造営され、これらの寺院では現在も宗教活動が続けられています。法隆寺は、7世紀初期に創建がはじまり、現在の伽藍は西院及び東院と子院群で構成されています。西院は7世紀後半から8世紀初頭にかけて再建されたもので、東院は8世紀前半に建設されたものです。

西院の主要建物である金堂・五重塔・中門・回廊は、中国や朝鮮にも残存しない初期の仏教建築様式であり、両院のほかの主要建物は主に8世紀から13世紀に建てられたものです。両院の周囲にある子院は12世紀ごろに建築が始まり、しだいにその数を増やしました。17世紀から18世紀にかけての建物も多く、日本の仏教寺院建築の変遷を窺うことのできる文化遺産が集約されている地域と言えます。

 

Preserve 保護する  structures 構造物 religious 宗教的な construction 建造　  the Western Precinct 西院 the Eastern Precinct 東院　subsidiary temples 子院群  namelyすなわち、具体的には　　represent  date  showcase 披露する　展示する  evolution 発展 ここでは変遷 Buddhist temple architecture 仏教寺院建築

 

 

Fantastic 素晴らしい　hometown 故郷　floral 花の　region 地域　known knowの過去形　plant 植物

diversity 多様性　species 種　the Cape Floral Region ケープ植物区　rooibos

 

 

Read & Think 1  Are people in Venice happy that many people visit the city?

Grammar 受動態(受け身)

彼のクラスメートは浩太が好きです。 →  浩太は彼のクラスメートに(よって)好かれています。

His classmates likes Kota. 　         →　  Kota is liked by his classmates.
主語　　動詞 目的語    　　　　　　 主語 be＋過去分詞＋by 目的語

 

Examples

Its many islands are connected by canals and bridges.

The city is visited by too many tourists.

The ground is damaged by the waves.

Kyoto is visited by many foreign tourists.

Examples from the textbook

It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife more than 350 years ago.

It is loved by many people.

Mt Fuji is loved by Japanese people.

Kinkaku-ji Temple was built by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

Activity 3

The houses with Steeply pitched thatched roofs in Shirakawa-go are known all over the world.

Words

Built buildの過去分詞　emperor 皇帝 wife 妻　architecture 建築 cover ～を覆う　marble 大理石

Jewel 宝石 material 材料 pollution 汚染　government 政府 protect ～を保護する

The Taji Mahal タージマハール　Emperor Shah Jahan　皇帝シャー・シャハーン

In memory of ～を記念して　from far away 遠くから　because of ～のおかげで

 

 

Read & Think 2 

Grammar 受動態(受け身)  助動詞＋be＋過去分詞

Mt. Fuji can be seen from above while on a flight.

Examples
Mt. Fuji can be seen from different angles.

The natural beauty of Mt. Fuji must be preserved forever.

Examples from the textbook
Mt. Fuji was listed as a cultural World Heritage site in 2013.

It can be seen on the walls of public baths.

A large amount of garbage is left on the mountain trails by tourists.

I hope Mt. Fuji will be enjoyed by people forever.

Mt. Fuji must be protected forever.

These pictures will be seen by many people.
Mt. Fuji can be seen in many ukiyo-e prints.

 

Activity 4

Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama(白川郷・五箇山の合掌造り集落) are visited by over 2.000,000 tourists.

 

Words

list ～を載せる　seen seeの過去分詞　tourist 観光客 climb ～を登る sunrise 日の出 cloud 雲

crater クレーター trail 小道　recently 最近 cleanup おおそうじ　campaign キャンペーン　forever 永遠に

more and more ますます多くの　a…amount of ～の量の