’25 New Horizon English Course 3 Unit 2

Unit 2 How do you choose your clothes?

現在完了(present perfect)  　過去に経験したことが現在に生きていることを表す

主語　＋　have 動詞　＋　過去分詞(past particle)    意味　①経験　②継続　③完了　④結果

Part 1   ③　完了  just already yet
I have just done my homework.
→Have you done your homework yet?
Yes, I have. I have already done my homework.
No, not yet. I have not done my homework yet.

Examples 

Has Kaito finished his English homework yet?
I‘ve finished my English homework?
Have you finished yours yet?
I‘ve just read your massage.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you washed your shoes yet?
Have you cleaned your room yet?
Have you bought a new notebook yet?

Examples from textbook & Practice
I‘ve already finished my home economics essay.
Have you finished yours yet?
If you haven’t, maybe we can help you.
I‘ve just read your message!
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you washed your shoes yet?→
Yes, I have. I have already washed my shoes. / No, I haven’t.  I haven’t washed my shoes yet.
Have you bought a new notebook yet?→
Yes, I have. I have already bought it. / No, I haven’t.  I haven’t bought it yet.
Have you written your English report yet?→
Yes, I have. I have just written it. / No, I haven’t.  I haven’t written it yet.
Words
already　すでに
essay　　随筆　エッセイ
ethical　  倫理的な　道義的な
designer　デザイナー
interview　～にインタビューする　面接　面談
message　メッセージ　伝言
sleep　　　眠る
yet            もう　まだ

Part 2  ② 継続  How long  for since
How long have you lived in Japan? →For five years.
Examples 
How long have you lived in Japan? For five years.
I’ve been a big fan since I first read his haiku.
Japanese people have become concerned about fashion’s impact on environment since the SDGs were introduced.( Read ＆Think 1)
How long have you taught English in Japan?  For three years.
How long have you had that dictionary? Since I was in university.
How long have you known each other? Since the first year.
Examples from textbook & Practice
How long have you lived in Japan? For five years.
Japanese people have become concerned about fashion’s impact on environment since the SDGs were introduced.
How long have you had a dog? For four years.
How long have you been a big fan of judo?  Since I first watched it.
How long have you wanted to get a leather coat? Since I bought one in 1990.
How long have you wanted to travel abroad? Since I visited Italy in 2000.
Words
accessory, accessories　アクセサリー　付属品
recycle　再生利用する　リサイクルする
eco-friendly　環境にやさしい
become　～になる　become became become
impact 影響　衝撃
since　～以来
introduce　～を導入する
Olivia　オリビア
SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)　持続可能な開発目標

Read & Think 1  ② 継続 現在完了進行形
I am studying English now.
→ I have been studying English since I was in Junior high school.
Examples 
I’ve been reading the book since ten a.m.
Japanese people have been writing haiku for centuries.
Meg’s mother has been cooking for 30 minutes.
Meg’s brother has been playing video games since noon.
It has been raining for two days.
People outside  Japan have been writing their own haiku for many years.
Examples from textbook & Practice
Ethical fashion has been getting more popular all over the world.
Some clothing companies have been making efforts to create ethical products.
Mr. Tani has been checking his students’ homework since 4 p.m.
It has been raining for two hours.
I have been collecting crystal glasses since 2015.

Important words & phrases
morally　道徳的にみて　倫理的に
clothing　衣料品
company　会社
chemical　化学物質
lead　　　～に通じる
less　　　より少ない　　little less least 
negative　悪い　よくない　否定的な
animal-free　(食品) 動物性原料を含んでいない
include　　～を含む
vegan　　　　絶対菜食主義者(卵・チーズ・牛乳など動物由来の食品を一切摂らない) ↔ vegetarian
leather　　　　革　
avoid　　　　　～を避ける
wool　　　　　羊毛　毛糸
fur　　　　　　毛皮製品
amounts of　　～の量の
make efforts　努力する
lead to　　　　～を導く　～につうじる
impact on　　～への影響

Read & Think 2  ② 継続 現在完了形、現在完了進行形
Examples from textbook & Practice
Low wages and long working hours have been a big problem in the fashion industry.
Ethical fashion companies have been trying to change this situation.
More and more clothing companies  have become responsible for their workers and their working conditions.

Important words & phrases
moreover その上
worker　　労働者
developing　発展途上の
condition　　条件　環境
wage　　　　賃金
working　　　労働
fair　　　　　公正な
prohibit　　　禁止する
labor　　　　労働
responsible　～に責任のある
Ethical fashion companies are friendly to their workers.
More and more clothing companies have become responsible for their workers and their working conditions.